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Runcinia grammica
''Runcinia grammica'' (Sometimes also referred to as ''Runcinia lateralis'')〔http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=353576〕 is a species of spider of the genus ''Runcinia''. It generally lives in peat bogs, fens, and meadows,〔(Meadows – Thomisidae ). Commanster.eu. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕〔()〕 although it has also been known to inhabit urban areas〔(Runcinia grammica – Ecologia, Taxonomia, Morfologia, Distribuição ). Naturdata.com. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕 They usually mature to adulthood in the summer.〔 They have short, broad bodies,〔(Runcinia grammica ). Zipcodezoo.com. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕 which are covered in hair and spines.〔Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Volume 103, Issues 1–2, published 2004, page 124〕 They have clear muscular corrugation on their sides,〔 and, on small raised bumps on their heads, eight small eyes.〔 Males are usually 2.5–3.5mm in length, females 4-6mm.〔 Unlike many spiders, they do not spin a web of any kind. Instead, they prowl on the ground, as well as climbing plants and flowers, to find their prey.〔 They can move forwards, backwards, and sideways.〔 Runcina grammicas have reportedly been sighted in various areas of Southeastern Spain〔(Data Use Agreement – GBIF Portal ). Us.mirror.gbif.org (22 February 2007). Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕 and Southwestern Portugal.〔(Portugal Spider Catalogue ). Ennor.org. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕〔http://www.european-arachnology.org/proceedings/18th/ekosup3.pdf〕 They are also known to inhabit Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Caucasus,〔(Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837) ). Caucasus-spiders.info. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕 Italy,〔(Runcinia grammica ). Comune.pisa.it. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕 India,〔 South Africa, St. Helena,〔(2008 Annual Checklist : Runcinia grammica (C. L. Koch, 1837) ). Catalogue of Life (5 January 2008). Retrieved on 22 October 2011.〕〔〔http://www.european-arachnology.org/proceedings/22nd/28_Topcu.pdf〕〔http://jbes.uludag.edu.tr/PDFDOSYALAR/mak-6.pdf〕 Turkey,〔〔 France,〔()〕 and in the Carpathian Basin.〔http://www.nki.hu/arachnol/tartalom/Irodalom/Bogya%20et%20al.%201999%20Spec%20composition%20in%20apple.pdf〕 They are among the most common species of spiders in Portugal.〔 They are one of the many species preserved at the Mountain Zebra National Park, in South Africa.〔http://koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/viewFile/113/115〕 They are predators,〔 and eat various species of insects.〔
== References ==
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